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Brain Cancer Pathophysiology

General Information About Adult Central Nervous System Tumors KEY POINTS An adult central nervous system tumor is a disease in which abnormal cells form in the tissues of the brain and/or spinal cord. A tumor that starts in another part of the body and spreads to the...

Brain Cancer In Children

General Information About Childhood Astrocytomas Primary brain tumors, including astrocytomas, are a diverse group of diseases that together constitute the most common solid tumor of childhood. Brain tumors are classified according to histology, but tumor location and...

Bladder Cancer Treatment

Bladder Cancer Treatment Stage 0 (Papillary Carcinoma and Carcinoma in Situ) Treatment of stage 0 (papillary carcinoma and carcinoma in situ) may include the following: Transurethral resection with fulguration. This may be followed by one of the following:...

Bladder Cancer Staging

Stage Information for Low-Grade Bladder Cancer The clinical staging of carcinoma of the bladder is determined by the depth of invasion of the bladder wall by the tumor. This determination requires a cytoscopic examination that includes a biopsy and examination under...

Bladder Cancer Risk Factors

General Information About Bladder Cancer KEY POINTS Bladder cancer is a disease in which malignant (cancer) cells form in the tissues of the bladder. Smoking can affect the risk of bladder cancer. Signs and symptoms of bladder cancer include blood in the urine and...